which 是英文中常見的關係代名詞,常用於補充說明事物或動物。但許多英語學習者仍經常誤用它。本文深入剖析 which 的正確用法,詳細解析限定與非限定子句差異,整理表格與用法規則,特別列舉五大常見錯誤,幫助大家避免文法陷阱,讓英文溝通更專業。
什麼是 which?基礎語法一次搞懂
which 的語法功能與地位
which 是英語中的關係代名詞(relative pronoun),主要用來引導關係子句,補充說明前面的事物或動物,而不是用於人。它可作主詞也可作受詞:
- The book which is on the table is mine.
- The movie which you recommended is interesting.
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非限定與限定用法差異
“which” 在英文中分為「限定」(defining)與「非限定」(non-defining)兩種子句:
用法 | 子句功能 | 是否需加逗號 | 範例 |
---|---|---|---|
限定用法 | 指明特定對象 | 不需加逗號 | The cake which I ate was delicious. |
非限定用法 | 補充說明 | 需加逗號 | The cake, which was chocolate, was popular. |
記住:非限定用法必須用逗號隔開。

which 這樣用最正確!正確運用的 3 個關鍵規則
- 選對指涉對象,只用於非人事物
“which” 僅用於非人事物。指人時請用 “who” 或 “whom”:正確使用 錯誤範例 The bag which is blue… The girl which is singing…(應用 who) - 位置安排:接在被修飾名詞之後
“which” 應直接跟在想補充說明的名詞之後,避免句意混淆:- 正確:The painting which she bought is expensive.
- 錯誤:The painting is expensive which she bought.
- 省略關係代名詞的情境
作為「受詞」時可省略 which,作為主詞時不可省略:句子類型 可否省略 which 範例 which 作受詞 可以 The book (which) I borrowed is new. which 作主詞 不可以 The car which broke down was old.(不可省略)

常見 which 用法錯誤Top 5,不小心就踩雷!
- 將 which 用於指人
錯誤:The boy which likes apples…
正確:The boy who likes apples… - 混淆 that 與 which 的場合
限定子句可用 “that” 或 “which”,非限定子句只能用 “which”。子句類型 可以用 which 可以用 that 限定子句 可以 可以 非限定子句 可以 不可以 - 忽略逗號的使用時機
非限定用法需加逗號,限定用法不加逗號。- 錯誤:The car which is red, is mine.
- 正確:The car, which is red, is mine.
- which 與前置詞位置混淆
正式寫作建議介系詞放在 “which” 前。- 正式:The house in which I live is new.
- 口語:The house which I live in is new.
- which 子句與整句修飾混用
有時 “which” 修飾整句,需注意邏輯:- 正確:She passed the exam, which made her happy.
- 語意混淆:She passed the exam, which was difficult.

which 子句在各種句型的靈活運用
限定(Defining)與非限定(Non-defining)範例比一比
句型 | 用法講解 |
---|---|
The phone which he bought is expensive. | 哪一支手機?(限定) |
The phone, which is new, is expensive. | 補充說明新與否(非限定) |
which 作為受詞與主詞對照
- 受詞:The book which I read was interesting.
- 主詞:The book which was on the table disappeared.

進階提醒:which 與 when、where、that 的辨別要點
詞 | 用法對象 | 典型用途 | 範例 |
---|---|---|---|
which | 事物、動物 | 限定/非限定子句 | The car which he drives… |
that | 事物、動物、限定子句 | 多用於限定子句,較口語 | The book that I like… |
where | 地點 | 補充地點 | The city where I was born… |
when | 時間 | 補充時間 | The day when you arrived… |

隨著全球英語力標準持續提升,許多求職、留學與國際溝通場合,都要求英文寫作精確無誤。掌握 which 的正確用法與常見錯誤,直接影響文章專業度和邏輯性。未來無論學術寫作還是職場應用,只要記住本文重點規則和範例表格,就能有效減少錯誤、提升英文表現!