在學習英文時,「which」 和 「what」 這兩個疑問詞常讓人困惑。本篇文章將以表格、對比解析和 8 組常見例句,深入解析兩者差別及最佳用法,讓你一讀就能掌握判斷關鍵。透過簡明的教學,協助你自信運用這兩個最常見疑問詞,優化英文表達能力。
which 與 what 的定義與主要區別
疑問詞功能與背景
which 和 what 作為疑問詞都能提出問題,但選用時機截然不同。劍橋字典指出,what 用於無限制的選項提問 which 則出現在有限選擇的情境。
- What is your favorite sport?(所有運動都能選)
- Which sport do you prefer, football or basketball?(足球或籃球二選一)
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核心差異一覽表
疑問詞 | 適用情境 | 範例 |
---|---|---|
what | 選項無限制/廣泛 | What do you want for breakfast? |
which | 選項有限/明確 | Which of these shirts do you like best? |
選擇情境詳解
what 適合用在不知道答案、沒有特定範圍的場合;which 強調在有限選項中做決定。
- What color do you like?(不限顏色)
- Which color do you prefer, red or blue?(紅或藍限定)

which 與 what 的適用場合
當選項明確時:which
如果提問時已經有明確選項,必須選擇 which。
- Which dessert would you like, the cake or the pie?
- Which seat is yours?
- Which bus goes to the airport?
開放式提問:what
沒有指明範圍時,選用 what 更自然。
- What do you like to do in your free time?
- What happened here?
- What songs do you usually listen to?
模糊時可互換但語氣有差異
有些情況兩者皆可,但 which 指涉更明確。
- What/Which movie do you want to see tonight?

進階分析與常見誤區
台灣學習者易混淆情形
誤區情境 | 錯誤範本 | 正確範本 | 提示 |
---|---|---|---|
有限物品卻用what | What pen is yours? | Which pen is yours? | 有實物時用which |
未知現象卻用which | Which happened last night? | What happened last night? | 未知情況用what |
which / what 作名詞子句或間接問句的用法
- Tell me which dress you want.(明確選擇)
- Tell me what you want.(各種可能皆可)
另外,如果想了解 「疑問詞作主詞」的進階問題,可參考 這篇說明。

8組實用例句大彙整
以下整理八組生活、學習及工作常見情境,協助釐清 which、what 用法。
編號 | 例句 | 適用疑問詞 | 場景說明 |
---|---|---|---|
1 | What did you eat for lunch? | what | 開放性問題 |
2 | Which of these pens writes best? | which | 有限選項 |
3 | What time does the class start? | what | 問時間(無限定) |
4 | Which channel is the news on? | which | 頻道有限 |
5 | What languages do you speak? | what | 語言無限 |
6 | Which countries have you visited, Japan or Korea? | which | 兩國限定 |
7 | What are your plans for the weekend? | what | 不限定選擇 |
8 | Which would you prefer, tea or coffee? | which | 二選一 |
更多生活英文問法可以參閱這份日常對話精選。

如何提升 which 與 what 的判斷力?
專家快速判斷小技巧
問自己:「我是在提供清單還是不設限?」
- 有清單,有限範圍:選 which
- 無特定選項:選 what
教材與英檢考題用法表
國際考試題型 | 常見題型 | 建議用法 |
---|---|---|
TOEIC 會話 | Which train should I take? | which(指定選項) |
IELTS 主觀題 | What do you think about…? | what(意見開放) |
商用郵件 | Which item would you like? | which(提供幾項選擇) |
若你想進一步熟悉 TOEIC 英文寫作技巧,建議參閱相關補充教材。

掌握 which 和 what 的核心差異,是提升英文表達精準度的基石。下次提問時別忘了先思考選項是否有限,運用本篇例句和判斷法則自信開口、不再混淆!如有其他英文疑問,歡迎探索我們更多 學習資源,一起精進英文力!